Oil spill swells to4 million gallons

Black Hawk helicopters peppered Louisiana's barrier islands with one-ton sacks of sand Monday to bolster the state's crucial wetlands against the epic Gulf of Mexico oil spill - 4 million gallons (15 million litres) and growing.

At the site of the ruptured well, a mile (1.6 kilometre) underwater, a remote-controlled submarine shot chemicals into the maw of the massive leak to dilute the flow, further evidence that BP expects the gusher to keep erupting into the Gulf for weeks or more.

Crews using the deep-sea robot attempted to thin the oil - which is rushing up from the seabed at a pace of about 210,000 gallons (795,000 litres) per day - after getting approval from the Environ-mental Protection Agency, BP PLC officials said.

Two previous tests were done to determine the potential impact on the environment, and the third round of spraying was to last into early Tuesday.

The EPA said the effects of the chemicals were still widely unknown.

BP engineers were casting about after an ice-like build-up thwarted their plan to siphon off most of the leak using a 100-ton containment box.

They pushed ahead with other potential short-term solutions, including using a smaller box and injecting the leak with junk such as golf balls and pieces of tire to plug it.

If it works, the well will be filled with mud and cement and abandoned.

"This is the largest, most comprehensive spill response mounted in the history of the United States and the oil and gas industry," BP chief executive, Tony Hayward said in Houston.

None of those methods has been attempted so deep. Workers were simultaneously drilling a relief well, the solution considered most permanent, but that was expected to take up to three months.

At least 4 million gallons (15.14 million litres) were believed to have leaked since an April 20 drilling rig blast killed 11. If the gusher continues unabated, it would surpass the Exxon Valdez disaster as America's worst spill by June 20. About 11 million gallons (41.6 million litres) leaked in Alaska's Prince William Sound from the tanker in 1989.

The new containment device is much smaller, about four feet (1.2 metres) in diametre, 5 feet (1.5 metres) tall and weighing just under two tons, said Doug Suttles, BP PLC chief operating officer.

Unlike the bigger box, it will be connected to a drill ship on the surface by a pipe-within-a-pipe when it's lowered, which will allow crews to pump heated water and methanol immediately to prevent the ice build-up.

As the sandbags plopped in place, workers farther inland used pumps and other structures to divert fresh water from the Mississippi River into the marshlands, hoping it would help push back the oily salt water lapping at the coast.

The floodworks had been installed to help rebuild Louisiana's shrinking wetlands by injecting sediment-rich water from the river.

"We're trying to save thousands of acres of marsh here in this area, where the shrimp lay their eggs, where the fin fish lay their eggs, where the crabs come in and out," said Chett Chiasson, executive director of the Greater Lafourche Port Commission.

"We're trying to save a heritage, a way of life, a culture that we know here in recreational and commercial fishing."

BP - which is responsible for the clean up - said the spill has cost it US$350 million so far for immediate response, containment efforts, commitments to the Gulf Coast states, and settlements and federal costs. The company did not speculate on the final bill, which most analysts expect to run into tens of billions of dollars.

The blowout aboard the rig, which was being leased by BP, was triggered by a bubble of methane gas that escaped from the well and shot up the drill column, expanding quickly as it burst through several seals and barriers before exploding, according to interviews with rig workers conducted during BP's initial, internal probe.

The exact cause remains under investigation.

- AP