Feeding children with autism

Children with autism might adhere to inflexible, non-functional routines. They may become upset with even trivial changes in their environment. They often have a limited range of interest and may become preoccupied with a narrow range of subjects or activities.

Nutrition is important in the growth and development of children. Sometimes parents find it challenging to feed a child and ensure he or she has a wholesome, healthy diet. These challenges can be exacerbated in an autistic child.

Food texture and colours

Many of autistic children have strong likes and dislikes. This tendency can restrict many foods from the diet, sometimes even entire food groups. There may be avoidance of certain colours, textures, flavours and tastes. Some of these strong preferences may be for high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods which can lead to overweight and obesity.

Many children with autism find it difficult to focus for extended periods, even on a meal, and may never eat substantial amounts of any meal and so may not consume adequate nutrients. Some children have gastrointestinal problems which include constipation and other abdominal discomforts. Constipation can often be alleviated by adding more fibre and water to the child's diet.

Many of the medications used to treat autism can either increase or decrease the child's appetite, affecting overall nutritional status.

Gluten-free diet

There are many restrictive diets proposed by alternative practitioners such as a gluten-free diet and a casein-free diet to treat autism. Gluten is a protein in cereals such as wheat and oats and casein is one of the proteins in milk. The proponents of these diets believe gluten and casein will make symptoms of autism worst, and people have reported seeing improvements in symptoms of autism with these diets.

There are no strong scientific studies to support the authenticity of these diets. Childhood is a phase of rapid growth and development and the demand for calories and nutrients is great during this period. Restrictions in a child's diet can be harmful, and if parents want to make these choices they should seek the guidance of a registered dietitian or registered nutritionist to ensure the child's nutritional needs are not compromised.

Rosalee M. Brown is a registered dietitian/nutritionist who operates Integrated Nutrition and Health Services; email: yourhealth@gleanerjm.com.